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Robustness of the BYM model in absence of spatial variation in the residuals
Aurélien Latouche1, Chantal Guihenneuc-Jouyaux, Claire Girard
1Inserm, U754, Villejuif, F-94807, France. aurelien.latouche@paris7.jussieu.fr
Background:
In the context of ecological studies, the Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model is of prime interest when studying the association between environmental exposure and rare diseases. However, adding spatially structured extra-variability in the model fitted to the data when such extra-variability does not exist conditionally on the covariates included in the model (over-fitting) may bias the estimation of the ecological association between covariates and relative risks toward the null. In order to investigate that possibility, a simulation study of the impact of introducing unnecessary residual spatial structure in the estimation model was conducted.
Results:
In the case where no underlying extra-variability from the Poisson process exists, the simulation results show that models accounting for structured and unstructured residuals do not underestimate the ecological association, unless covariates have a very strong autocorrelation structure, i.e., 0.98 at 100 km on a territory of diameter 1000 km."
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