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Related Concept Videos

Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction
11:39

Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction

Published on: January 8, 2019

Engineering by homologous recombination: exploring sequence and function within a conserved fold.

Martina N Carbone1, Frances H Arnold

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Mail code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|September 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Protein engineering uses recombination to discover new functions in structurally similar proteins. Computational methods aid in designing novel chimeric proteins and libraries with enhanced stability and specificity.

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Identification of Functional Protein Regions Through Chimeric Protein Construction
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Area of Science:

  • Protein engineering and bioinformatics
  • Structural biology and protein design

Background:

  • Proteins with similar structures can have diverse sequences and functions in nature.
  • Proteins tolerate homologous substitutions, enabling exploration of sequence space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel protein functions through recombination of structurally related sequences.
  • To leverage computational methods for designing functional protein variants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing homologous recombination to create libraries of structurally related protein sequences.
  • Employing computational approaches integrating structural and evolutionary data for protein design.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of proteins with novel biological activities.
  • Generation of proteins exhibiting diversified specificities and enhanced stability.
  • Successful design of highly mutated yet natively folded chimeric proteins and libraries.

Conclusions:

  • Protein recombination is a viable strategy for discovering new protein functions.
  • Computational protein design accelerates the development of proteins with tailored properties.
  • Engineered proteins can achieve enhanced stability, specificity, and novel activities.