Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...

Ventilatory Modes

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Can biochar and late-season nitrogen fertilization overcome the sulfur-containing amino acid deficiency and improve oil stability in soybean seeds?

Frontiers in plant science·2026

Same author

Identifying the most sensitive growth stages of soybean to defoliation.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Oncocytic Carcinoma with Liver Metastasis: Unusual Treatment Strategies and Clinical Insights-A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Case reports in oncological medicine·2024

Same author

Efficacy of Fentanyl Transdermal Patch in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery-A Comparative Study.

Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery·2023

Same author

Unilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy in Cancer Patients Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: Review and Case Series.

Case reports in oncology·2023

Same author

Rare case of chemotherapy-refractory metastatic vaginal squamous cell carcinoma with complete response to concurrent pembrolizumab and radiotherapy- case report and literature review.

Gynecologic oncology reports·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Expired CO₂ Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

Zero ventilation: a transient episode.

Hidayath Ansari¹, Manish Pandit, Parthiban Armugam

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK. doctorkhan75@yahoo.co.uk

Clinical Nuclear Medicine

|September 22, 2007

Summary

A ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan revealed significant ventilation defects in the right lung of a patient presenting with collapse and dyspnea. These findings, initially masked by sputum, highlight the importance of serial imaging in diagnosing pulmonary conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Expired CO₂ Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

A 65-year-old male with ischemic heart disease and prior coronary artery bypass grafts presented after collapsing.
He had a history of smoking and alcohol abuse, presenting as unkempt and febrile but hemodynamically stable.

Observation:

The patient developed dyspnea and appeared unwell while undergoing a ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan.
Initial VQ scan showed reduced perfusion in lower lung zones and absent ventilation to the right lung.
Recurrent coughing and sputum expectoration preceded a repeat scan revealing ventilation defects in the right mid and lower zones.

Findings:

The VQ scan demonstrated significant ventilation defects in the right lung, particularly in the mid and lower zones.
These defects were initially obscured but became apparent after the patient expectorated sputum.
A preceding chest X-ray was normal, underscoring the sensitivity of VQ scanning in this case.

Implications:

This case highlights the diagnostic utility of VQ scans in identifying pulmonary abnormalities, even when initial findings are equivocal.
The resolution of ventilation defects after sputum expectoration suggests a potential role for airway clearance in managing such presentations.
Accurate interpretation of VQ scans requires consideration of dynamic changes, such as those related to airway secretions.