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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

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Disorders of sex development.

Zeina M Nabhan¹, Peter A Lee

¹Section of Pediatric Endocrinology/Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. znabhan@iupui.edu

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|September 22, 2007

Summary

Management of disorders of sex development (DSD) requires an individualized, multidisciplinary approach. Updated data on causes, surgical options, and psychosocial factors guide clinical decisions for these complex conditions.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Genetics
Pediatric Surgery

Background:

Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) encompass a range of conditions affecting sexual development.
Etiological understanding and management strategies for DSD have evolved significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

To present current management strategies for DSD.
To integrate updated etiological and outcome data.
To emphasize the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach.

Main Methods:

Review of a recently published consensus statement on DSD.
Inclusion of genetic causes, clinical evaluation, and management perspectives.
Consideration of fetal hormone exposure and genital development.

Main Results:

Consensus statement provides guidance on evaluation and management (medical, surgical, psychological).
Sex assignment decisions integrate diagnosis, appearance, fertility potential, and psychosocial factors.
Surgery is recommended for major ambiguity in infancy but discouraged for mild variations.

Conclusions:

Individualized management is crucial for DSD patients, even with genetic advancements.
Informed decision-making involves patients and parents appropriately.
Further research into DSD etiology and outcomes is essential.