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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...

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Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
10:36

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Signaling by estrogens.

Boris J Cheskis1, James G Greger, Sunil Nagpal

  • 1Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA. cheskib@wyeth.com

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|September 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen signaling, through genomic and nongenomic actions, controls cellular functions. New insights into estrogen receptor (ER) mechanisms may lead to selective modulators for targeted therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling Pathways

Background:

  • Estrogens regulate cellular functions by controlling key signaling molecules.
  • Estrogen receptor (ER) activity is modulated by ligand binding, leading to conformational changes.
  • ER actions occur through both cytoplasmic (nongenomic) and nuclear (genomic) pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular insights into estrogen signaling mechanisms.
  • To discuss strategies for developing functionally selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on estrogen receptor signaling.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying genomic and nongenomic ER actions.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling involves complex interactions with proteins and DNA.
  • Genomic and nongenomic actions confer cell-type and tissue-type selectivity.
  • Recent findings illuminate ER action mechanisms relevant to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ER molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • New strategies aim to create SERMs that separate beneficial from detrimental estrogenic effects.
  • Selective ER modulation holds potential for treating conditions in bone, cardiovascular system, CNS, and reproductive tissues.