Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine surveillance for adults with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the UK.

Wellcome open research·2024

Same author

Utility of a buccal swab point-of-care test for the IFNL4 genotype in the era of direct acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus.

PloS one·2023

Same author

Cohort Profile: The National Institute for Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative: Hepatitis B Virus (NIHR HIC HBV) research dataset.

International journal of epidemiology·2022

Same author

A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Metric of Intrahepatic Biliary Dilatation Severity Detects High-Risk Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Hepatology communications·2021

Same author

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load, liver and renal function in adults treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) vs. untreated: a retrospective longitudinal UK cohort study.

BMC infectious diseases·2021

Same author

Case Report: Application of hepatitis B virus (HBV) deep sequencing to distinguish between acute and chronic infection.

Wellcome open research·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

Published on: October 21, 2017

Bone disorders in chronic liver disease.

¹Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

|September 22, 2007

Summary

Osteoporosis is common in chronic liver disease patients, unlike osteomalacia. Early diagnosis and bisphosphonate treatment are key for managing bone density loss and fracture risk in these patients.

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Endocrinology
Bone Metabolism

Background:

Osteomalacia is rare in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, despite frequent low vitamin D levels.
Osteoporosis affects 12%-55% of cirrhosis patients, increasing vertebral fracture risk.
Bone density declines post-liver transplantation, with pre-existing fractures predicting future ones.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the prevalence and management of bone density loss in patients with chronic liver disease.
To highlight the risk factors and diagnostic approaches for osteoporosis in this population.
To discuss treatment strategies, particularly bisphosphonates.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on osteoporosis and osteomalacia in CLD.
Analysis of prevalence data in cirrhosis and post-liver transplantation.

More Related Videos

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

Published on: February 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

Published on: October 21, 2017

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

Published on: February 3, 2023

Examination of risk factors and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

Osteoporosis is prevalent in CLD (12%-55%), with decreasing rates after liver transplantation.
Risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis are common in cirrhosis patients.
Bisphosphonates are effective and well-tolerated treatments, based on limited trials.

Conclusions:

Osteoporosis is a significant complication of CLD, requiring proactive management.
Bone density screening and early treatment are crucial for reducing morbidity.
Further research is needed for optimal treatment protocols in CLD patients.