Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
Published on: April 16, 2015
Toll-like receptors: paving the path to T cell-driven autoimmunity?
Benjamin J Marsland1, Manfred Kopf
1Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Wagistr 27, 8952, Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract:
The development of autoimmunity is often associated with the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs). Largely, the importance of PAMP-TLR ligation has been attributed to inducing the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Recent evidence now shows that PAMPs can activate effector and regulatory T cells revealing a further level of complexity in the development of autoimmunity. TLR signaling on T cells acts as a form of costimulation, lowering the 'strength of signal' required for proliferation and survival. This apparent mechanism of immune homeostasis may break tolerance or anergy upon pathogen infection and promote the development of immune responses against self-antigens.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

