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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...

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Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts
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Published on: April 9, 2016

Efficiency of different shear devices on flocculation.

Teresa Serra1, Jordi Colomer, Bruce E Logan

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain. teresa.serra@udg.es <teresa.serra@udg.es>

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|September 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Different laboratory devices impact particle aggregation. The Couette device is best for studying aggregate formation, as it minimizes breakup effects across various shear rates and concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Particle Technology

Background:

  • Understanding particle aggregation dynamics is crucial for both natural and engineered systems.
  • Coagulation devices are essential tools for studying aggregation phenomena.
  • The influence of different device geometries on aggregation kinetics requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of three distinct laboratory devices (paddle mixer, oscillating grid, Couette) on particle size spectra.
  • To examine aggregation dynamics across a wide range of shear rates (G=4-102 s⁻¹) and initial volume concentrations (φ₀=2x10⁻⁵ to 10x10⁻⁵).
  • To determine which device is most suitable for studying aggregate formation with minimal breakup influence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of aggregate formation in paddle mixer, oscillating grid, and Couette devices.
  • Measurement of particle size spectra under varying shear rates and initial volume concentrations.
  • Calculation of fractal dimensions for aggregates formed under pseudo-steady-state conditions.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct aggregation zones were observed based on shear rate magnitude: aggregation-dominant, maximum flocculation, and breakup-dominant.
  • Paddle mixer and oscillating grid yielded similar aggregate sizes, with fractal dimensions typical of reaction-limited or compacted aggregates (D=2.2±0.2).
  • The Couette device produced larger flocs, with lower fractal dimensions (D=0.9±0.2), indicating it is less affected by breakup.

Conclusions:

  • Aggregate formation is influenced by breakup even at low shear rates.
  • The Couette device is the most effective for studying aggregate formation due to its minimal breakup influence.
  • Device selection is critical for accurately characterizing aggregation processes and aggregate properties.