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Learning-related changes in brain activity following errors and performance feedback in schizophrenia.

Sarah E Morris¹, Erin A Heerey, James M Gold

¹VA Capitol Network (VISN 5) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 10 No. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. sarah.moris2@va.gov

Schizophrenia Research

|September 25, 2007

Summary

Schizophrenia patients show impaired self-monitoring, evidenced by reduced error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback negativity (FBN) brain responses during learning tasks. This suggests weakened reward-related brain activity in schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Previous research indicates reduced error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude in schizophrenia patients.
The ERN is an event-related potential (ERP) component linked to error detection and self-monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ERN and feedback negativity (FBN) in schizophrenia patients during a probabilistic learning task.
To examine how varying feedback validity affects ERP components related to learning and self-monitoring in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

26 schizophrenia outpatients and 27 healthy controls performed a probabilistic learning task.
Participants learned stimulus-response pairs using feedback with 100%, 80%, or random validity.
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), including ERN and FBN, were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

Schizophrenia patients consistently showed reduced ERN amplitude across all feedback conditions compared to controls.
Reduced FBN amplitude was observed in schizophrenia patients during early trials with 100% feedback validity.
These findings indicate a broad impairment in self-monitoring and feedback processing in schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

Schizophrenia is associated with diminished self-monitoring, extending to trial-and-error learning paradigms.
Weakened reward-related brain activity, potentially reflecting reduced sensitivity to expected vs. unexpected outcomes, may underlie these deficits in schizophrenia.