Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
Published on: September 22, 2023
Seroepidemiology of group I human coronaviruses in children
Xiuping Shao1, Xiaojie Guo, Frank Esper
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Background:
Recently, several new human coronaviruses have been identified.
Objectives:
To define the seroepidemiology of group I human coronaviruses.
Study Design:
A recombinant protein enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on portions of the nucleocapsid protein of group I human coronaviruses was developed and was used to screen serum from 243 children and young adults.
Results:
For HCoV-229E, the percentages of seropositive individuals were 57.1% for infants <2 months old; 38.9% for infants 2-3 months old; 4.7% for infants 4-5 months old; 42.9-50.0% for infants 6-12 months old; 34.8-62.5% for individuals 1-20 years old. For HCoV-NL63, the percentages of seropositive individuals were 45.2% for infants <2 months old; 11.1% for infants 2-3 months old; 4.7% for infants 4-5 months old; 28.6-40.0% for infants 6-12 months old; 25.0-70.3% for individuals 1-20 years old.
Conclusions:
Infection with these viruses is common in childhood though the prevalence of these viruses may vary from year to year.
Related Concept Videos
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Coronavirus
Poliomyelitis
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Influenza