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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
10:26

TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos

Published on: September 10, 2015

Trapping the ribosome to control gene expression.

Daniel Boehringer1, Nenad Ban

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Cell
|September 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers visualized folded messenger RNA (mRNA) structures on ribosomes to understand protein synthesis regulation. This study reveals how mRNA autoregulation impacts translation initiation.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Protein synthesis is a fundamental biological process regulated by messenger RNA (mRNA) structures.
  • Ribosomes, the cellular machinery for protein synthesis, interact with mRNA to initiate translation.
  • Understanding mRNA-ribosome interactions is crucial for deciphering gene expression control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the autoregulation mechanism of protein S15.
  • To visualize the folded repressor mRNA on the ribosome during translation initiation.
  • To gain insights into the general mechanism of translation initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced visualization techniques to observe mRNA structure.
  • Studied ribosome stalling in the preinitiation state.

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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos

Published on: September 10, 2015

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
09:42

Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides

Published on: June 19, 2012

  • Focused on the autoregulation of protein S15 synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully visualized the folded repressor mRNA bound to the ribosome.
    • Observed the ribosome stalled in the preinitiation state, indicating regulatory control.
    • Provided direct evidence of mRNA structure influencing translation initiation.

    Conclusions:

    • The folded mRNA structure plays a key role in the autoregulation of protein S15.
    • This autoregulation mechanism impacts the translation initiation process.
    • Findings contribute to a broader understanding of how mRNA structure controls protein synthesis.