Progress and prospects of gene inactivation in Entamoeba histolytica

Over the last few years, numerous methods have been exploited in the attempt to study Entamoeba histolytica gene functions. Yet several features of E. histolytica, like their variable DNA content and complex ploidity have made it difficult to perform classical genetic studies such as homologous recombination. As a result, the methods currently in use target genes at the protein or RNA level. This review summarizes the experimental approaches that have been used to date and it provides an overview of the limitations and contributions of these methods in our understanding of E. histolytica's gene functions and biology.