Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
Published on: May 31, 2018
Polylactosamine on glycoproteins influences basal levels of lymphocyte and macrophage activation
Akira Togayachi1, Yuko Kozono, Hiroyasu Ishida
1Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central-2 OSL, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
Abstract:
beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2) is a polylactosamine synthase that synthesizes a backbone structure of carbohydrate structures onto glycoproteins. Here we generated beta3GnT2-deficient (beta3GnT2(-/-)) mice and showed that polylactosamine on N-glycans was markedly reduced in their immunological tissues. In WT mice, polylactosamine was present on CD28 and CD19, both known immune costimulatory molecules. However, polylactosamine levels on these molecules were reduced in beta3GnT2(-/-) mice. beta3GnT2(-/-) T cells lacking polylactosamine were more sensitive to the induction of intracellular calcium flux on stimulation with anti-CD3epsilon/CD28 and proliferated more strongly than T cells from WT mice. beta3GnT2(-/-) B cells also showed hyperproliferation on BCR stimulation. Macrophages from beta3GnT2(-/-) mice had higher cell surface CD14 levels and enhanced responses to endotoxin. These results indicate that polylactosamine on N-glycans is a putative immune regulatory factor presumably suppressing excessive responses during immune reactions.
Related Concept Videos
Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Proteoglycans