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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

Developmental changes in the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway from infancy to adulthood: plasma asymmetric

Thomas Lücke1, Nele Kanzelmeyer, Markus J Kemper

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. luecke.thomas@mh-hannover.de

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|September 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels are higher in infants, potentially inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. These levels decrease with age, suggesting a developmental change in the L-arginine/NO pathway.

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Exploring the Arginine Methylome by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Published on: December 16, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

Exploring the Arginine Methylome by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
07:02

Exploring the Arginine Methylome by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: December 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway is crucial for vasodilation, platelet aggregation inhibition, and neurotransmission.
  • Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, impacts renal and cardiovascular function in adults.
  • The effects of ADMA and reference data for NO metabolites in infants are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the L-arginine/NO pathway status in healthy individuals from infancy to young adulthood.
  • To establish reference ranges for ADMA, nitrite, nitrate, and L-arginine in this age group.
  • To determine age-related changes in ADMA and NO metabolite levels.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 34 healthy volunteers aged 2 days to 24 years.
  • Measured plasma and urinary concentrations of ADMA, nitrite, nitrate, and L-arginine.
  • Utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Plasma ADMA concentrations showed a significant decrease with increasing age (r=-0.619, p<0.001).
  • Urinary nitrate excretion increased with age (r=0.471, p=0.036).
  • Urinary nitrite excretion also increased with age (r=0.484, p=0.037).

Conclusions:

  • Infants exhibit higher ADMA biosynthesis and potentially greater NO synthesis inhibition compared to adults.
  • ADMA levels and associated NO synthesis inhibition diminish significantly with age.
  • Findings provide crucial reference data for the L-arginine/NO pathway in infancy and childhood.