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Hypopharyngeal cancer.

Nathaniel D Wycliffe1, Ryan Shane Grover, Paul D Kim

  • 1Department of Head and Neck Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA. dwycliff@llu.edu

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : TMRI
|September 26, 2007
PubMed
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Hypopharyngeal cancers, often squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), have a poor prognosis. Advanced imaging like PET-CT aids in detecting recurrent tumors, improving head and neck cancer management.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Hypopharyngeal cancers (squamous cell carcinomas) present a poor prognosis among head and neck cancers.
  • Despite advances, 5-year survival rates remain low due to advanced disease, metastasis, and second primary tumors.
  • Accurate staging is crucial, relying on detailed imaging of tumor extent and lymph node involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis and management of hypopharyngeal cancer.
  • To highlight the challenges in post-treatment imaging and the utility of newer techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for initial evaluation.
  • Assessment of Fluorine 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose -positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detecting residual or recurrent disease.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of newer modalities like diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and MR spectroscopy.

    • Main Results:

    • CT and MRI are standard for initial staging, often leading to upstaging.
    • FDG-PET shows high sensitivity for detecting occult, residual, and recurrent tumors but has low specificity.
    • Combined PET-CT enhances specificity for post-treatment imaging; DWI and MR spectroscopy show promise in difficult cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate staging of hypopharyngeal cancer requires meticulous evaluation of local spread and nodal involvement.
    • Advanced imaging, particularly FDG-PET/CT, is vital for detecting residual/recurrent disease after treatment.
    • Emerging techniques like DWI and MR spectroscopy warrant wider application for complex cases.