Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in acute ischemic stroke

Exposure of endothelia to hypoxia followed by reperfusion, results in increased leukocyte activation and extravasation. These leukocytes potentiate ischemic neuronal damage. Extravasation of leukocytes is guided by adhesion molecule interactions on inflammatory and endothelial cells. Circulating adhesion molecules rapidly appear in peripheral blood. Commercially available ELISA kits were used to determine serum levels of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in 36 patients at 1, 3, and 14 days after acute ischemic stroke. E-selectin levels were nonsignificantly increased at day 1, and decreased thereafter, reaching significantly lower values at day 14 in the stroke patients. ICAM-1 levels were similar in stroke patients at each sampling period, and did not differ from those of controls. Our data on ICAM-1 are in line with those of a recently published study. The decreasing circulating E-selectin may stem from endothelial cell damage, alterations in cytokine interactions, or unknown factors.