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Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
08:46

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

Drug resistance and the solid tumor microenvironment.

Olivier Trédan1, Carlos M Galmarini, Krupa Patel

  • 1Division of Applied Molecular Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|September 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid tumors often resist chemotherapy due to poor drug penetration and the tumor microenvironment. Strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment can improve anticancer drug effectiveness.

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Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation
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Patient-Derived Tumor Explants As a "Live" Preclinical Platform for Predicting Drug Resistance in Patients
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Patient-Derived Tumor Explants As a "Live" Preclinical Platform for Predicting Drug Resistance in Patients

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
08:46

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation
10:24

Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation

Published on: September 19, 2019

Patient-Derived Tumor Explants As a "Live" Preclinical Platform for Predicting Drug Resistance in Patients
07:42

Patient-Derived Tumor Explants As a "Live" Preclinical Platform for Predicting Drug Resistance in Patients

Published on: February 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Anticancer drug resistance in human tumors is commonly attributed to cellular mechanisms like gene mutations.
  • However, limited drug penetration into tumor tissue is a significant, often overlooked, cause of treatment failure.
  • The tumor microenvironment, characterized by gradients in proliferation, hypoxia, and acidity, further complicates drug delivery and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the tumor microenvironment in solid tumor resistance to chemotherapy.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming drug resistance by targeting the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating drug penetration and tumor microenvironment factors in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which tumor microenvironment characteristics influence drug sensitivity and resistance.

Main Results:

  • Inefficient drug delivery through tumor vasculature and tissue penetration limits drug concentration at the target site.
  • Tumor microenvironment heterogeneity, including hypoxia and acidity, creates localized regions of reduced drug sensitivity.
  • These factors contribute significantly to overall treatment failure in solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in anticancer drug resistance beyond cellular mechanisms.
  • Modifying the tumor microenvironment presents a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance chemotherapy effectiveness.
  • Targeting drug delivery and microenvironment factors could improve outcomes for patients with solid tumors.