Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology
Published on: September 28, 2022
Evaluation of clinical faculty: gender and minority implications
Katherine S McOwen1, Lisa M Bellini, Carmen E Guerra
1GME Evaluation and Research, Suite 100 Stemmler Hall, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. kmcowen@mail.med.upenn.edu
Background:
Learner ratings are an important source of data regarding teaching effectiveness. We examine ratings of faculty teaching for the effects of faculty-resident gender and underrepresented minority (URM) status concordance.
Method:
Factorial ANOVAS and t tests were used to examine gender and URM status in 10,443 teaching effectiveness evaluations for 720 faculty members, provided by 516 residents across 18 clinical departments.
Results:
Significant interaction effects were found for gender (P < .001) and URM status (P < .05) on the individual evaluation record level. Analyses of faculty-level data showed effect sizes were small except for large positive effects for URM faculty evaluated by URM residents (ES = 0.61).
Conclusions:
Overall, gender and minority status seem to have a negligible role in residents' evaluations of clinical faculty. However, the apparent beneficial effects for URM-URM pairs need more study.
Related Concept Videos
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Confirmation Biases
Surveys
Two-Way ANOVA
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the means for...