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Enhanced fluoride sorption by mechanochemically activated kaolinites.

S Meenakshi¹, C Sairam Sundaram, Rugmini Sukumar

¹Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram, Tamilnadu, India. drs_meena@rediffmail.com

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|September 28, 2007

Summary

Mechanochemical activation enhanced kaolinite clay

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Materials Science
Geochemistry

Background:

Fluoride contamination in water poses significant health risks.
Natural sorbents like kaolinite clay are explored for water remediation.
Optimizing kaolinite properties is crucial for effective fluoride removal.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the fluoride sorption capacity of raw and mechanochemically activated kaolinite clay.
To optimize adsorption conditions and evaluate the performance of micronized kaolinite (MK).
To understand the adsorption mechanism using isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics.

Main Methods:

Mechanochemical activation to increase surface area.
Batch adsorption experiments to determine optimal contact time, dosage, and pH.

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Characterization using FTIR, XRD, and SEM.

Adsorption modeling with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms.

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies at varying temperatures.

Main Results:

Mechanochemical activation increased kaolinite surface area from 15.11 to 32.43 m²/g.
Micronized kaolinite (MK) demonstrated enhanced fluoride sorption over a wide pH range (3-11).
Adsorption followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, indicating multilayer adsorption.
Thermodynamic studies confirmed the process is endothermic and spontaneous.
Kinetic studies suggested pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion control.

Conclusions:

Mechanochemically activated kaolinite, particularly MK, is an effective sorbent for fluoride removal.
The adsorption process is influenced by physical and chemical interactions.
Optimized kaolinite presents a promising, cost-effective solution for defluoridation.