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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
Published on: July 27, 2022
Unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine as effective synergist in combination with alpha-tocopherol
Atsushi Takenaka1, Masashi Hosokawa, Kazuo Miyashita
1Laboratory of Bio-functional Material Chemistry, Division of Marine Bioscience, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokodate, Japan.
Abstract:
The effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the oxidation of bonito oil triacylglycerol (TAG) were examined under the absence or presence of alpha-tocopherol. Synthesized PC or PE having saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in known position were used in this study. Unsaturated PC and PE promoted TAG oxidation under the absence of alpha-tocopherol. On the contrary, unsaturated PE showed synergistic antioxidant effect with alpha-tocopherol, while PC had little effect. The strongest synergistic effect was found by 1-palmitoyl (16:0, PA)-2-docosahexaenoyl (22:6n-3)-PE, followed by 1-PA-2-arachidonyl (20:4n-6)-PE, 1,2-dioleoyl (18:1n-9)-PE, and 1-PA-2-linoleoyl (18:2n-6)-PE, respectively.
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