Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Localized quasiparticles in a fluxonium with quasi-two-dimensional amorphous kinetic inductors.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Randomized Benchmarking with Non-Markovian Noise and Realistic Finite-Time Gates.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Benchmarking the Readout of a Superconducting Qubit for Repeated Measurements.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

A millimeter-wave photometric camera for long-range imaging through optical obscurants using kinetic inductance detectors.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025
Same author

Erratum: "The Simons Observatory: Cryogenic half wave plate rotation mechanism for the small aperture telescopes" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 95, 024504 (2024)].

The Review of scientific instruments·2025
Same author

The Simons Observatory: Cryogenic half wave plate rotation mechanism for the small aperture telescopes.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024
Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

Coupling superconducting qubits via a cavity bus.

J Majer1, J M Chow, J M Gambetta

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. johannes.majer@yale.edu

Nature
|September 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a quantum bus using microwave photons to link distant superconducting qubits. This enables coherent quantum state transfer, a key step for scalable quantum computing architectures.

More Related Videos

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Superconducting Circuits
  • Quantum Information Processing

Background:

  • Superconducting circuits are leading candidates for quantum bits (qubits) in quantum computers.
  • While single-qubit operations are routine, coupling distant qubits for arbitrary gate operations remains a challenge.
  • Existing methods primarily rely on local interactions, limiting scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a scalable method for coupling distant superconducting qubits.
  • To implement a quantum bus architecture for distributing quantum information.
  • To enable coherent quantum state transfer between non-adjacent qubits on a chip.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a transmission line cavity to confine microwave photons, acting as a quantum bus.
  • Coupled two superconducting qubits located on opposite sides of a chip via this quantum bus.
  • Employed fast qubit control to dynamically switch qubit coupling and mediated interaction via virtual photons.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated coherent transfer of quantum states between two distant superconducting qubits.
  • The quantum bus mediated interaction using virtual photons, mitigating cavity-induced loss.
  • The cavity facilitated multiplexed control and measurement of qubit states.

Conclusions:

  • The implemented quantum bus architecture effectively couples distant superconducting qubits.
  • This approach enables coherent quantum state transfer and is scalable to more than two qubits.
  • It presents an attractive architecture for on-chip quantum information processing.