Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evaluation of Electrophysiological and Histopathological Effects of Hydroxyapatite and Glass Ionomer Bone Cement on Facial Nerve: An Animal Study.

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology·2025

Same author

Risk factors for otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy.

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale·2020

Same author

Prognostic value of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT parameters and histopathologic variables in head and neck cancer.

Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology·2020

Same author

Evaluation of Stromal Myofibroblasts in Laryngeal Dysplasia and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India·2019

Same author

Internal Nasal Valve Expanding Graft for Middle Vault Reconstruction.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2019

Same author

Superficial Parotidectomy Versus Partial Superficial Parotidectomy: A Comparison of Complication Rates, Operative Time, and Hospital Stay.

Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

Published on: February 9, 2020

Predictors of extracapsular spread in lymph node metastasis.

Kadir Imre¹, Ercan Pinar, Semih Oncel

¹Otolaryngology Department, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

|September 28, 2007

Summary

The number of metastatic lymph nodes (≥3) is a key predictor of extracapsular spread (ECS) in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Contralateral neck dissection is recommended for patients with ipsilateral lymph node metastasis and ECS.

More Related Videos

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Published on: December 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

Quantification of Tumor Cell Adhesion in Lymph Node Cryosections

Published on: February 9, 2020

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Published on: December 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Oncology
Head and Neck Surgery
Pathology

Background:

Extracapsular spread (ECS) is a critical factor in head and neck cancer prognosis.
Understanding predictors of ECS is vital for treatment planning in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate clinical and pathological parameters influencing extracapsular spread (ECS) in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.
To identify independent predictors of ECS and its impact on contralateral neck metastasis (CNM).

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 186 patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.
Evaluation of 342 neck dissections, focusing on the relationship between ECS and various clinicopathological factors.

Main Results:

31 out of 76 patients (40.7%) with lymph node metastasis exhibited ECS.
Tumor location, pathologic N stage, number of metastatic lymph nodes, metastatic lymph node diameter, and CNM were significantly associated with ECS (P < 0.05).
The number of metastatic lymph nodes (≥3) was the only significant independent predictor of ECS (P < 0.05; OR: 11.6).

Conclusions:

The number of metastatic lymph nodes (≥3) is a reliable predictor of extracapsular spread (ECS).
Contralateral neck dissection should be considered for patients with ipsilateral lymph node metastasis and evidence of ECS.