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The Basic Immune Simulator: an agent-based model to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immunity.

Virginia A Folcik¹, Gary C An, Charles G Orosz

¹Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 3102 Cramblett Hall, 456 W.10th St., Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. virginia.nivar@osumc.edu

Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling

|September 29, 2007

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The Basic Immune Simulator (BIS) models immune interactions, showing innate immunity critically shapes adaptive responses. This agent-based model aids understanding immune system behavior and identifying therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Computational Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Introduces the Basic Immune Simulator (BIS), an agent-based model for studying innate and adaptive immune system interactions.
BIS simulates key immune cells, mediators, and antibodies across three distinct virtual environments.
Features a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for enhanced usability as an educational and research instrument.

Purpose of the Study:

To qualitatively examine innate and adaptive immune response interactions during a simulated viral infection using the BIS.
To validate the BIS by comparing simulation patterns with established scientific literature.
To assess the impact of innate immunity on adaptive responses and overall infection clearance.

Main Methods:

Agent-based modeling approach.

Related Experiment Videos

Simulation of viral infection dynamics.

Parameter sweeps for initial agent population size calibration.

Qualitative comparison of simulation outputs with scientific literature.

Main Results:

The strength of the initial innate immune response was identified as a critical factor for an effective adaptive response.
Both insufficient and excessive innate immunity led to aberrant proliferation of adaptive immune cells.
Deficiencies in any immune component heightened the risk of failing to clear the simulated viral infection.

Conclusions:

The BIS accurately replicates normal and pathological immune responses in a generic viral infection model.
The model effectively translates mechanistic knowledge of immune responses, reproducing complex system behaviors.
BIS serves as a valuable in-silico tool for education and research, aiding in the identification of therapeutic targets for various diseases.