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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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[Changes of neuromuscular transmission in smooth muscles of rats bladder with experimental diabetes].

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[Urothelium-dependent modulation of urinary bladder smooth muscle contractions by menthol].

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[Comparative effects of menthol and icilin on the induced contraction of the smooth muscles of the vas deferens of normal and castrated rats].

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[Changes in calcium-dependent potassium channels of isolated smooth muscle cells of the bladder in rats with experimental diabetes].

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[Effects of N-stearoyl- and N-oleoylethanolamine on cardiac voltage-dependent sodium channels].

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An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells
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[Calcium signaling in carcinogenesis].

Ia M Shuba

    Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1994)
    |October 2, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cancer cell growth involves abnormal calcium (Ca2+) signaling. This review explores how altered Ca2+ distribution and handling proteins contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in cancer, potentially revealing new treatment targets.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Oncology

    Context:

    • Cancer development involves dysregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis.
    • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are critical signaling molecules in cellular processes.
    • Understanding calcium's role in cancer is crucial for therapeutic advancements.

    Purpose:

    • To review alterations in calcium distribution across cellular compartments during cancer progression.
    • To identify key Ca2+-handling proteins involved in malignant transformation.
    • To analyze the impact of altered calcium signaling on cellular responses in cancer.

    Summary:

    • Malignant transformation is characterized by excessive cell proliferation and impaired apoptosis, processes heavily influenced by calcium ions (Ca2+).
    • This review examines shifts in Ca2+ distribution (extracellular, cytoplasmic, ER, mitochondrial) and the Ca2+-handling proteins involved during the transition from normal to cancerous cells.

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    Experimental Generation of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) from Human Mammary Fibroblasts
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  • Changes in the spatial and temporal dynamics of Ca2+ signals are analyzed in relation to regulating cellular responses in cancer.
  • Impact:

    • Elucidating molecular events in calcium dysregulation can lead to novel cancer treatment strategies.
    • Provides insights into calcium signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets for various cancers.
    • Enhances understanding of fundamental cell biology relevant to pathological conditions.