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Published on: September 20, 2018
[Maternal and perinatal data of hypospadic in a 25 year period]
J M Sánchez Zalabardo1, A Bono Ariño, J Gracia Romero
1Servicio de Urología, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza. drsanchezurologo@yahoo.es
Insights
Maternal and perinatal factors like low birth weight and preterm birth are linked to severe hypospadias. Since 1980, there has been an increase in hypospadias incidence and severity.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Reproductive Medicine
Context:
- Hypospadias is a common congenital penile anomaly.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention and management.
- Previous studies have explored various contributing factors.
Purpose:
- To investigate maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with hypospadias onset and severity.
- To analyze trends in hypospadias over a 25-year period.
Summary:
- A 25-year study of 614 hypospadias cases identified low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm births, and associated malformations as significant risk factors for severe hypospadias.
- No significant association was found with maternal age, toxic exposure, maternal diseases, or X-ray exposure.
- Analysis revealed an increase in severe hypospadias and decreased gestational age after 1980.
Impact:
- Identifies key perinatal events contributing to hypospadias development.
- Highlights a concerning trend of increasing hypospadias severity since 1980.
- Informs clinical practice and public health initiatives for congenital anomaly surveillance.
Objective:
To analyze maternal and perinatal risk factors related to the onset and severity of hypospadias.
Material And Methods:
Data of 614 boys operated on hypospadias in our county during 25 years (1972-1998) has been studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups according the malformation severity: proximal, middle, and distal hypospadias. We use two periods, before and after 1980 to analyze the differences in risk factors along the time.
Results:
There were 9% of proximal hypospadias, 13.6% middle hypospadias, and 77.5% distal hypospadias. We found statistical significance in several risk factors related to severe hypospadias: low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm births, and associated malformations (p < 0.001). We did not find statistical significance with maternal age, toxic exposure, associated diseases, and x-ray exposure during pregnancy. After 1980, there were more severe hypospadias and less gestational age.
Conclusions:
Several events during pregnancy can contribute to the development of hypospadias in the fetus. In our experience, since 1980 there is a rise in the number and severity of hypospadias.
