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Fatal encephalitozoonosis in two koalas.

J S Nimmo1, K Snowden, P O'Donoghue

  • 1IDEXX Australia, PO BOX 1119, Coorparoo QLD 4151, Australia. jsnimmo@bigpond.net.au

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Two young koalas died from Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection, a microsporidian parasite. This organism, previously found in humans, is now reported in a marsupial for the first time, highlighting potential cross-species transmission risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Microbiology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Microsporidian infections can cause disease in various animal species.
  • Encephalitozoon intestinalis is a known pathogen in humans and some mammals.
  • Koalas are susceptible to various infectious diseases, impacting conservation efforts.

Observation:

  • Two 6-month-old koalas presented with sudden death and no prior clinical signs.
  • Histopathology revealed intracellular spores within the small intestinal mucosa.
  • The causative agent was identified as Encephalitozoon intestinalis.

Findings:

  • Electron microscopy and SSU RNA gene sequencing confirmed the presence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis.
  • The koala isolate showed 100% homology with human Encephalitozoon intestinalis strains.
  • This represents the first documented case of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in a marsupial.

Implications:

  • This finding suggests a potential for zoonotic transmission of Encephalitozoon intestinalis between humans and koalas.
  • It underscores the importance of diagnostic surveillance for microsporidian infections in wildlife.
  • Further research is needed to understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in marsupials.