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Fatal encephalitozoonosis in two koalas
J S Nimmo1, K Snowden, P O'Donoghue
1IDEXX Australia, PO BOX 1119, Coorparoo QLD 4151, Australia. jsnimmo@bigpond.net.au
Australian Veterinary Journal
|October 2, 2007
Summary
Two young koalas died from Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection, a microsporidian parasite. This organism, previously found in humans, is now reported in a marsupial for the first time, highlighting potential cross-species transmission risks.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Microbiology
- Parasitology
Background:
- Microsporidian infections can cause disease in various animal species.
- Encephalitozoon intestinalis is a known pathogen in humans and some mammals.
- Koalas are susceptible to various infectious diseases, impacting conservation efforts.
Observation:
- Two 6-month-old koalas presented with sudden death and no prior clinical signs.
- Histopathology revealed intracellular spores within the small intestinal mucosa.
- The causative agent was identified as Encephalitozoon intestinalis.
Findings:
- Electron microscopy and SSU RNA gene sequencing confirmed the presence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis.
- The koala isolate showed 100% homology with human Encephalitozoon intestinalis strains.
- This represents the first documented case of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in a marsupial.
Implications:
- This finding suggests a potential for zoonotic transmission of Encephalitozoon intestinalis between humans and koalas.
- It underscores the importance of diagnostic surveillance for microsporidian infections in wildlife.
- Further research is needed to understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Encephalitozoon intestinalis in marsupials.
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