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Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
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The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
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PI Controller: Design01:24

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Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Planning in the IGRT context: closing the loop.

Gig S Mageras1, James Mechalakos

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. magerasg@mskcc.org

Seminars in Radiation Oncology
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) enhances cancer treatment by improving accuracy and enabling adaptive planning. This technology allows for precise radiation delivery and personalized treatment adjustments, optimizing patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Technology

Background:

  • Advancements in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) systems necessitate new approaches to treatment planning.
  • IGRT enables more accurate assessment and reduction of treatment margins, crucial for minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues.
  • The technology facilitates adaptive radiotherapy, allowing treatment plans to be modified during the course of treatment based on real-time imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of various IGRT systems regarding target position accuracy.
  • To discuss strategies for adapting treatment plans in response to changes like tumor shrinkage or organ motion.
  • To explore the clinical application of IGRT with advanced radiotherapy techniques for hypofractionated treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of treatment-room image-guidance system performance, focusing on target position accuracy.
  • Review of proposed strategies for treatment-plan adaptation in response to dynamic anatomical changes.
  • Discussion of the integration of IGRT with 3D conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • IGRT systems provide critical data on target position accuracy, informing margin determination and correction strategies.
  • Adaptive radiotherapy strategies are being developed to address challenges posed by tumor regression and daily anatomical variations.
  • IGRT facilitates the clinical implementation of hypofractionated and single-dose radiotherapy regimens.

Conclusions:

  • IGRT is transforming radiotherapy by enabling precise targeting, reduced margins, and personalized treatment adaptation.
  • The integration of IGRT with advanced techniques supports novel fractionation schedules, offering potential benefits across various cancer sites.
  • Continued research and development in IGRT are essential for optimizing cancer treatment efficacy and patient safety.