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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
12:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Published on: February 12, 2016

Plasma cytokines in acute stroke.

Hanne Christensen1, Gudrun Boysen, Erik Christensen

  • 1Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Plasma cytokines show a significant reaction in acute stroke but do not currently aid clinical assessment. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was linked to stroke severity, but overall cytokine levels offer limited clinical utility beyond standard evaluation.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
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11:36

A Cell Culture Model for Studying the Role of Neuron-Glia Interactions in Ischemia

Published on: November 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Acute stroke triggers a systemic inflammatory response.
  • Plasma cytokine levels are potential biomarkers for disease activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between plasma cytokine levels and acute stroke characteristics.
  • To assess the utility of cytokines in predicting stroke course and identifying risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • 179 acute stroke patients were analyzed within 24 hours of onset.
  • Plasma levels of key cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2) were measured using ELISA at baseline and 3 months.
  • Associated clinical data including C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Most cytokine levels differed significantly between acute stroke and 3-month follow-up.
  • Only Interleukin-10 (IL-10) showed a positive association with stroke severity.
  • C-reactive protein and white blood cell count correlated positively with the cytokine response.

Conclusions:

  • A significant cytokine response occurs following acute stroke, reflecting the incident.
  • Current cytokine measurements do not appear to offer additional clinical value beyond standard patient workup.
  • Further research may be needed to explore potential clinical applications of specific cytokines.