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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

The relationship between plasma D-dimer concentrations and acute ischemic stroke subtypes.

Horst J Koch1, Markus Horn, Ulrich Bogdahn

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Elevated D-dimers (DDs) in acute ischemic stroke patients may indicate cerebral infarction. Plasma DD levels correlate with stroke subtypes, aiding treatment decisions before anticoagulation.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Published on: August 18, 2015

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Published on: June 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Elevated D-dimer (DD) concentrations in acute ischemic stroke patients can complicate differential diagnosis with venous thromboembolism.
  • The precise relationship between plasma DD levels and acute ischemic stroke is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between plasma D-dimer levels and different acute ischemic stroke subtypes.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of DD concentrations in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 59 acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a specialized stroke unit.
  • Blood samples collected within 24 hours of symptom onset, before anticoagulant therapy.
  • Evaluation of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging data; univariate and multivariate statistical analyses performed.
  • Comparison with 23 healthy family members as controls.

Main Results:

  • Multivariate regression analysis showed significantly higher DD concentrations in patients with cardioembolic stroke compared to controls and transient ischemic attack patients.
  • A correlation was identified between plasma DD levels and specific acute ischemic stroke subtypes prior to treatment initiation.
  • DD concentrations appear to be a direct consequence of cerebral infarction.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma D-dimer levels correlate with acute ischemic stroke subtypes.
  • DD concentrations may serve as a valuable biomarker for physicians in managing acute ischemic stroke treatment decisions.