A review of locking compression plate biomechanics and their advantages as internal fixators in fracture healing

Metallic implants are often involved in the open reduction and internal fixation of fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation is commonly used in cases of trauma when the bone cannot be healed using external methods such as casting. The locking compression plate combines the conventional screw hole, which uses non-locking screws, with a locking screw hole, which uses locking head screws. This allows for more versatility in the application of the plate. There are many factors which affect the functionality of the plate (e.g., screw placement, screw choice, length of plate, distance from bone, etc.). This paper presents a review of the literature related to the biomechanics of locking compression plates and their use as internal fixators in fracture healing. Furthermore, this paper also addresses the materials used for locking compression plates and their mechanical behavior, parameters that control the overall success, as well as inherent bone quality results.