Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren syndrome.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The road towards faster development of novel pharmacotherapies for persons with Parkinson's disease.

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2026

Same author

Progression of Dysarthria, Drooling, and Swallowing Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2026

Same author

Challenges of Pain in Parkinson's Disease: Results from the OCEAN Study.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026

Same author

Body placement of inertial measurement units differentially affects physical activity assessment accuracy in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Genetic variation in antidiabetic drug targets: associations with Parkinson's disease risk and age at onset.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026

Same author

Essential genetic testing in movement disorders - results from a Delphi study.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Published on: February 2, 2024

Chiropractic manipulation: reasons for concern?

Liliana Olim Gouveia¹, Pedro Castanho, Joaquim J Ferreira

¹Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Av. Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal. lilianafog@gmail.com

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

|October 2, 2007

Summary

Chiropractic manipulation may pose serious neurological risks, including stroke and nerve injury. This case series highlights the need for greater awareness and a risk alert system for adverse events following chiropractic care.

More Related Videos

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

A Mechanical Construction to Enhance the Stability and Safety of Lifting and Thrusting Manipulation of Acupuncture

A Mechanical Construction to Enhance the Stability and Safety of Lifting and Thrusting Manipulation of Acupuncture

Published on: January 10, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Published on: February 2, 2024

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

Published on: July 21, 2023

A Mechanical Construction to Enhance the Stability and Safety of Lifting and Thrusting Manipulation of Acupuncture

A Mechanical Construction to Enhance the Stability and Safety of Lifting and Thrusting Manipulation of Acupuncture

Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Neurology
Orthopedics
Public Health

Background:

Chiropractic care is increasingly popular, yet its safety profile, particularly concerning serious adverse events, remains under-evaluated.
Limited research exists on the potential neurological complications associated with chiropractic manipulation.
Assessing the safety of chiropractic interventions is crucial given its widespread use.

Observation:

Three distinct cases of serious neurological adverse events following chiropractic manipulation are presented.
Case 1: A 41-year-old woman experienced a vertebro-basilar stroke 48 hours post-cervical manipulation.
Case 2: A 68-year-old woman suffered neuropraxic injury to both radial nerves after three spinal manipulation sessions.
Case 3: A 34-year-old man developed a cervical epidural hematoma subsequent to chiropractic treatment for neck pain.

Findings:

Causality criteria were met, suggesting a link between chiropractic manipulation and the observed neurological events in all three cases.
The reported events include stroke, peripheral nerve injury, and epidural hematoma, all serious neurological outcomes.
These findings underscore potential iatrogenic risks associated with chiropractic procedures.

Implications:

The occurrence of these serious adverse events necessitates the implementation of a robust risk alert system for chiropractic treatments.
Healthcare providers and patients should be informed about the potential for severe neurological complications.
Further research into the safety of chiropractic manipulation is warranted to establish clear risk-benefit profiles.