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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Visual P2 component is related to theta phase-locking.

R Freunberger¹, W Klimesch, M Doppelmayr

¹Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Salzburg, Institute of Psychology, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. roman.freunberger@sbg.ac.at

Neuroscience Letters

|October 2, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Theta phase-locking in visual priming is linked to the P2 component, suggesting top-down regulation processes in memory systems. This research explores brain activity during visual target processing.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Electrophysiology
Visual Perception

Background:

Event-related potentials (ERPs) like P2 are crucial for understanding visual processing.
Theta oscillations are implicated in cognitive functions, including memory and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between P2 component differences in a visual priming paradigm and theta phase-locking.
To explore the neural mechanisms underlying visual target processing and memory mediation.

Main Methods:

Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 31 electrodes.
Phase-locking index and total power were analyzed for frequencies between 2-20 Hz.
Source analysis (sLORETA) identified P2 generators in parieto-occipital regions.

Main Results:

The P2 component exhibited significant task-related amplitude differences between congruent and incongruent targets.
Phase-locking in the theta range (4-6 Hz) was observed around the time of the P2 component.
P2 generators were localized to parieto-occipital brain regions.

Conclusions:

Phase-locked theta activity reflects top-down regulatory processes involved in memory system interactions.
Theta phase-locking plays a role in modulating the P2 component during visual processing.