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Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis
07:00

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 26, 2016

Aromatase inhibitor and bone.

Yasuhiro Miki1, Takashi Suzuki, Hironobu Sasano

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980 8575, Japan.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) used for breast cancer therapy can impact bone health. This review summarizes clinical and preclinical findings on how steroidal and non-steroidal AIs affect bone tissues.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis
07:00

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are crucial in treating hormone-sensitive breast cancer.
  • Estrogen and androgen are vital for maintaining bone mass in both sexes.
  • Postmenopausal women experience accelerated bone loss, increasing osteoporosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of aromatase inhibitors on bone health.
  • To compare the bone-related impacts of steroidal and non-steroidal AIs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies on breast cancer patients treated with AIs.
  • Analysis of preclinical research using animal and in vitro models.

Main Results:

  • Clinical data indicate potential bone loss associated with AI therapy.
  • Steroidal and non-steroidal AIs exhibit distinct effects on bone cells and tissues in experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • Aromatase inhibition can negatively affect bone tissue.
  • Understanding the differential effects of AI types is crucial for managing bone health in breast cancer patients.