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Related Concept Videos

Interphase00:54

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Interphase00:56

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...
Interphase00:56

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...
Interphase00:54

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Three-dimensional genome organization in interphase and its relation to genome function.

Sandra Goetze1, Julio Mateos-Langerak, Roel van Driel

  • 1Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. goetze@imsb.biol.ethz.ch

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Higher order chromatin structure, the genome's 3D organization, influences gene expression. Understanding its probabilistic nature and cell-to-cell variation is key to global genome regulation.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
22:27

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
09:32

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
11:25

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells

Published on: January 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Higher order chromatin structure, or the 3D genome organization within the interphase nucleus, is crucial for orchestrating gene expression in mammalian genomes.
  • The spatial arrangement of the genome plays a significant role in regulating gene activity and overall cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles governing higher order chromatin structure.
  • To discuss key organizational parameters including chromatin folding, compaction, and nuclear positioning.
  • To highlight the probabilistic nature and cell-to-cell variability inherent in 3D genome organization.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing knowledge on chromatin structure and genome organization.
  • It focuses on theoretical principles and established concepts in the field.
  • No new experimental data were generated; it is a comprehensive review of current understanding.

Main Results:

  • Higher order chromatin structure involves specific principles of folding, compaction, and nuclear positioning.
  • 3D genome organization exhibits probabilistic traits, leading to significant variation in structure between individual cells.
  • These organizational aspects are integral to the functional regulation of the genome.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the principles of 3D genome organization, including its inherent variability, is essential for comprehending global genome regulation.
  • Further research into how higher order chromatin structure contributes to genome function is necessary.
  • Unveiling the mechanisms of global genome regulation requires a deep understanding of chromatin's spatial architecture.