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Practice effects on strategy selection and strategy efficiency in simple mental arithmetic.

Ineke Imbo1, André Vandierendonck

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Ineke.Imbo@UGent.be

Psychological Research
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
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Practice significantly improves mental arithmetic strategy use and efficiency, particularly for procedural strategies in multiplication problems. This enhances understanding of mathematical cognition and modeling.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Mental arithmetic involves diverse strategies, including retrieval and procedural approaches.
  • Strategy selection and efficiency are crucial for mathematical performance.
  • Understanding how practice influences these aspects is key to improving math education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of practice sessions on strategy selection and efficiency in mental arithmetic.
  • To determine if practice effects are specific to strategy type or mathematical operation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with participants solving addition and multiplication problems.
  • Participants received varying numbers of practice sessions (0, 3, or 6).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Strategy selection was recorded via trial-by-trial reports; efficiency was measured by response latencies.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant practice effects were observed for retrieval and procedural strategy frequency and efficiency.
    • Practice effects on strategy efficiency were specific to procedural strategies.
    • Efficiency improvements were also operation-specific, primarily seen in multiplication problems.

    Conclusions:

    • Practice demonstrably enhances both the selection and efficiency of mental arithmetic strategies.
    • The benefits of practice are not uniform, varying by strategy type and mathematical operation.
    • Findings have implications for cognitive models of mathematics and educational interventions.