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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

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After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Thrombus Profiling Assay: A Microfluidics-Based Platform for Comprehensively Characterizing Biomechanical Thrombogenesis
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The thrombotic microangiopathies.

Lawrence Copelovitch1, Bernard S Kaplan

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) includes hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). This review focuses on HUS/TTP forms not caused by Shiga toxin, infections, or ADAMTS13 deficiency, highlighting associations with autoimmune disorders, HIV, and medications.

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Published on: August 18, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by a specific histopathological lesion.
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are key TMA manifestations.
  • Distinguishing HUS from TTP can be challenging without identifying specific causative agents or defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review forms of HUS/TTP unrelated to Shiga toxin, Streptococcus pneumoniae, genetic factors, or ADAMTS13 deficiency.
  • To explore the diverse etiologies of TMA beyond common causes.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of less common HUS/TTP presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical case studies.
  • Analysis of existing data on TMA, HUS, and TTP.
  • Synthesis of information regarding non-Shiga toxin, non-pneumococcal, non-genetic, and non-ADAMTS13-deficient HUS/TTP.

Main Results:

  • Identified HUS/TTP associated with autoimmune disorders.
  • Highlighted HUS/TTP linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • Described HUS/TTP occurring post-transplantation, in malignancy, and associated with medication use.

Conclusions:

  • HUS/TTP encompasses a broader spectrum of conditions than commonly recognized.
  • Autoimmune disorders, HIV, transplantation, malignancy, and medications represent significant, often overlooked, causes of HUS/TTP.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and optimize management of these diverse TMA forms.