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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

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Positive and negative loading and mechanical output in maximum vertical jumping.

Goran Markovic¹, Slobodan Jaric

¹Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|October 3, 2007

Summary

External loading impacts vertical jump mechanics. The study found that a jumper

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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Movement Science
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Vertical jumping is a fundamental human movement.
Understanding the biomechanical factors influencing jump performance is crucial for athletic training and injury prevention.
External loading can significantly alter movement mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of external loading on the mechanical output of vertical jumps.
To test the hypothesis that maximal muscular mechanical output occurs under no-load conditions.

Main Methods:

Fifteen physically active men performed maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ).
A pulley system applied external forces to vary effective body weight (0.70-1.30 g).
Jump kinematics and muscular mechanical output (mean power, peak momentum) were measured using a force plate.

Main Results:

External loading significantly decreased peak jump velocity and center of mass lowering.
Loading did not affect the duration of the concentric jump phase.
Both mean power and peak momentum were significantly higher at 1.00 g (normal body weight) compared to other loading conditions.

Conclusions:

The body's own weight appears to be the optimal load for maximizing mechanical output during vertical jumps.
This suggests the muscular system is optimized for rapid movements when loaded with its own weight and inertia.
Further research on other rapid movements is needed to confirm these findings.