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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER01:29

Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system that folds and assesses the confirmation of N-glycosylated proteins before they can exit the ER lumen. The primary players of this quality check pipeline are the lectins, ER-resident chaperones, and a glucosyl transferase enzyme. In case the calnexin system in the lumen fails to salvage a misfolded protein, it is transported to the cytoplasm...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Microfluidic Approach to Resolve Simultaneous and Sequential Cytokine Secretion of Individual Polyfunctional Cells
09:43

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Published on: March 8, 2024

Serglycin and secretion in human monocytes.

Svein Olav Kolset1, Lillian Zernichow

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Box 1046, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway. s.o.kolset@medisin.uio.no

Glycoconjugate Journal
|October 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that the proteoglycan serglycin is crucial for secretory processes in human monocytes. Its absence impacts vesicle formation and the secretion of proteins in U-937 cells.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Proteoglycan Research
  • Monocyte Function

Background:

  • The U-937 cell line serves as a model for human monocytes.
  • A subclone, U-937-B, is adapted for serum-free culture.
  • Serglycin's role in monocyte secretion is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the proteoglycan serglycin in human monocytes.
  • To determine the impact of serglycin deficiency on monocyte secretory processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized U-937 and U-937-B cell lines.
  • Treated cells with hexyl-beta-D-thioxyloside to inhibit proteoglycan expression.
  • Analyzed protein expression via Western blotting.
  • Examined cellular structures using transmission electron microscopy.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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06:28

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Main Results:

  • Hexyl-beta-D-thioxyloside treatment abrogated serglycin core protein expression and secretion.
  • Cells treated with xyloside showed reduced secretion of proteoglycan-associated proteins.
  • Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous large empty vesicles in treated cells.
  • Lack of serglycin affected vesicle formation and secretion of low molecular weight proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Serglycin is the dominant proteoglycan in U-937 monocyte-like cells.
  • Serglycin plays a significant role in monocyte secretory processes, including vesicle formation and protein secretion.
  • This proteoglycan is important for maintaining normal secretory functions in human monocytes.