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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Control of beta globin genes.

Milind C Mahajan1, Subhradip Karmakar, Sherman M Weissman

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|October 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Beta globin gene expression during human development is regulated by promoter sequences and their interactions with the locus control region (LCR). Recent research also explores chromatin structure and intergenic RNA

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Beta globin gene expression undergoes significant changes from embryonic to adult human stages.
  • Gene regulation is known to involve promoter sequences, binding factors, and the locus control region (LCR).
  • Emerging research highlights the roles of chromatin structure, histone modifications, and DNA-dependent ATPases (SMARCA) in gene control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling beta globin gene expression.
  • To discuss the current state of knowledge regarding LCR and promoter interactions.
  • To explore the involvement of chromatin remodeling and intergenic RNA in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on beta globin gene regulation.

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  • Analysis of studies investigating promoter-LCR interactions.
  • Examination of research on epigenetic modifications and chromatin structure.

    • Main Results:

    • Beta globin gene regulation is complex, involving promoter elements, LCR interactions, and epigenetic factors.
    • Histone modifications and chromatin remodeling by SMARCA complexes play a role in developmental gene expression.
    • Intergenic RNA is an area of growing interest for its potential regulatory functions.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite extensive research, the precise molecular control of beta globin gene expression remains incompletely understood.
    • Future research should continue to integrate insights from promoter interactions, chromatin dynamics, and non-coding RNAs.
    • A comprehensive understanding requires further investigation into the interplay of these regulatory mechanisms.