Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate

Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate

The Arrhenius equation,

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO₂

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

Cold Weather Concreting

Cold Weather Concreting

When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Impact of fall ammonia fluctuations on winter nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors.

The Science of the total environment·2025

Same author

Response and recovery of nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor systems exposed to 1°C with varying levels of ammonia starvation.

Water research·2024

Same author

Performance and recovery of nitrifying biofilm after exposure to prolonged starvation.

Chemosphere·2021

Same author

Modeling of the attached and suspended biomass fractions in a moving bed biofilm reactor.

Chemosphere·2021

Same author

Physicochemical methods for biofilm removal allow for control of biofilm retention time in a high rate MBBR.

Environmental technology·2020

Same author

Aerobic granular sludge treating anaerobically pretreated brewery wastewater at different loading rates.

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Effect of cold-temperature shock on nitrification.

Jong Hyuk Hwang¹, Jan A Oleszkiewicz

¹Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. umhwang6@cc.umanitoba.ca

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation

|October 4, 2007

Summary

Sudden temperature drops severely impact wastewater nitrification rates more than gradual changes. Current models accurately predict gradual changes but underestimate the effects of rapid temperature decreases on nitrification.

More Related Videos

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N₂O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on ¹⁴NH₄⁺/¹⁵NH₄⁺ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N₂O

Published on: October 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N₂O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on ¹⁴NH₄⁺/¹⁵NH₄⁺ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N₂O

Published on: October 7, 2020

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Biotechnology
Wastewater Treatment Engineering

Background:

Nitrification is a critical biological process in wastewater treatment.
This process is highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations.
Understanding temperature effects is crucial for optimizing treatment efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of sudden temperature decreases on nitrification.
To compare the effects of sharp versus gradual temperature changes on nitrification rates.
To evaluate the applicability of existing temperature correction factors.

Main Methods:

Experimental study on nitrification processes under controlled temperature conditions.
Comparison of nitrification rates following abrupt and incremental temperature declines.
Analysis of specific nitrification rates and comparison with predicted values.

Main Results:

A sudden 10°C temperature decrease caused a 20% greater reduction in specific nitrification rate than predicted.
The standard temperature correction factor (1.072) accurately modeled nitrification rates during gradual temperature decreases.
Nitrification rates were significantly more affected by abrupt temperature drops than anticipated.

Conclusions:

The default temperature correction factor (1.072) is suitable for gradual temperature changes in nitrification.
Sudden temperature decreases pose a greater risk to nitrification efficiency than currently modeled.
Wastewater treatment systems require specific strategies to mitigate nitrifier washout during rapid temperature drops.