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Related Concept Videos

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
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The concrete is placed as close as possible to its final position to avoid segregation. The placed concrete is then fully compacted to expel the entrapped air, and the next layer of concrete is laid while the underlying layer is still in the plastic state. The rate at which concrete is placed and compacted is kept equal.
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly
10:17

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Published on: November 4, 2021

Controlled particle placement through convective and capillary assembly.

Laurent Malaquin1, Tobias Kraus, Heinz Schmid

  • 1IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|October 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel methods for precise particle assembly on surfaces, controlling particle placement for advanced device fabrication. Temperature manipulation of colloidal suspensions enables controlled assembly and disassembly of micro- and nanoparticles.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlled synthesis of colloidal particles with specific shapes and sizes is established.
  • A significant challenge remains in precisely placing and integrating micro- and nanoparticles onto surfaces for device applications.
  • Engineering approaches are needed to control particle assembly at accurate positions with high yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate two complementary methods for creating particle assemblies, from dense layers to sparse arrays.
  • To explore the control of particle placement and integration on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.
  • To demonstrate temperature-controlled assembly and disassembly of particles in colloidal suspensions.

Main Methods:

  • Convective assembly on hydrophilic substrates using solvent evaporation-induced flow for crystalline layers.
  • Capillary assembly on hydrophobic surfaces utilizing capillary forces for sparse arrays and 3D structures.
  • Investigation of hydrodynamic drag, substrate velocity, wetting properties, and pattern geometry on assembly.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created crystalline mono- and multilayers via convective assembly.
  • Fabricated sparse arrays and complex 3D structures using capillary assembly.
  • Demonstrated, for the first time, temperature control (above/below dew point) to direct particle assembly or disassembly.
  • Identified key parameters influencing particle motion and assembly efficiency, including temperature's role in capillary assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Two complementary methods, convective and capillary assembly, offer versatile approaches for particle organization on surfaces.
  • Hydrodynamic drag is crucial in particle assembly, and its influence can be modulated by temperature.
  • Temperature control provides a novel mechanism for manipulating particle assembly and disassembly, enhancing fabrication capabilities.