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Taste disorder in hypo and hyperthyroidism.

S Bhatia1, S S Sircar, B K Ghorai

  • 1Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi.

Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Thyroid function significantly alters taste perception. Hyperthyroidism reduces salt and bitter intensity, while hypothyroidism affects sweetness perception and increases pleasantness for salt and bitter tastes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes, which may influence sensory perception.
  • Alterations in thyroid function, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can lead to various systemic changes, including potential effects on taste function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) on gustatory responses to basic tastes.
  • To evaluate how changes in thyroid status affect both the perceived intensity and hedonic (pleasantness) ratings of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Gustatory responses were assessed in individuals with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
  • Category scaling was employed to evaluate perceived intensity and hedonic responses.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Seven concentrations of glucose (sweet), sodium chloride (salty), citric acid (sour), and quinine sulfate (bitter) were tested.

    • Main Results:

    • Hyperthyroid subjects showed decreased intensity and hedonic responses to salt and bitter solutions.
    • Sourness was perceived as more unpleasant by hyperthyroid individuals.
    • Hypothyroid subjects exhibited decreased intensity and hedonic responses to sweetness.
    • Hypothyroidism led to increased pleasantness ratings for salt and bitter tastes, despite decreased intensity perception for bitter solutions.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid status significantly modulates gustatory perception, affecting both intensity and hedonic judgments.
    • Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism present distinct patterns of taste alteration, highlighting the complex interplay between metabolic state and sensory processing.
    • These findings suggest that thyroid hormones may directly or indirectly influence the neural pathways involved in taste perception.