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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Prism-based infrared spectrographs using modern-day detectors.

Zachary Keltner1, Katherine Kayima, Adam Lanzarotta

  • 1Molecular Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|October 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prism spectrographs provide an economical alternative to grating systems for infrared microspectroscopy when broad spectral coverage is key. Both prism and grating spectrographs achieve good signal-to-noise ratios quickly.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Infrared Microspectroscopy
  • Optical Instrumentation

Background:

  • Grating spectrographs are widely used but can be expensive.
  • Prism spectrographs offer potential cost savings.
  • Detector technology has advanced, enabling new comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare prism-based and grating-based spectrographs.
  • Evaluate performance with different detectors (photovoltaic and microbolometer).
  • Demonstrate infrared microspectroscopy of small samples.

Main Methods:

  • Coupled prism and grating spectrographs to liquid-nitrogen-cooled photovoltaic detectors.
  • Coupled prism and grating spectrographs to room-temperature microbolometer detectors.
  • Performed infrared microspectroscopy on ~10 micrometer samples.

Main Results:

  • Prism spectrographs are economical alternatives to grating systems for applications prioritizing spectral coverage over resolution.
  • Both spectrograph types, with either detector, achieved good signal-to-noise ratios.
  • Total integration times of 10 seconds or less were sufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Prism spectrographs are a viable, cost-effective option for specific infrared microspectroscopy applications.
  • Modern detectors enhance the performance of both prism and grating spectrographs.
  • Rapid data acquisition is achievable across tested systems.