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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
Published on: February 17, 2023
Low-grade inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance in adolescents
Christian Herder1, Sophie Schneitler, Wolfgang Rathmann
1Institute for Clinical Diabetes Research, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. christian.herder@ddz.uni-duesseldorf.de
Context:
Low-grade inflammation is associated with insulin resistance and precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults, but there are no comparable data in youth.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to characterize the pattern of subclinical immune activation that is associated with indices of obesity and insulin resistance in youth and analyze whether this association is explained by obesity.
Design:
This was a cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Medical check-up of schoolchildren was conducted by the Public Health Office in Düsseldorf (Germany).
Participants:
Participants included 519 adolescents (mean age 15.5 +/- 0.8 yr).
Main Outcome Measures:
Measures included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as indices of obesity; fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; serum concentrations of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10 and adiponectin as immunological variables.
Results:
In age-, sex-, and lipid-adjusted analyses, IL-6, IL-18, IP-10, and adiponectin (inversely) were associated with both BMI and WC (all P
Conclusions:
We found that a differential low-grade immune activation is associated with parameters of obesity in adolescents. Moreover, there is evidence that IL-6, IL-18, IP-10, and adiponectin (inversely) are associated with insulin resistance and that these associations can mainly be attributed to obesity.
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