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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
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Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 genotype and gender: effects on memory.

Erin E Sundermann1, Paul E Gilbert, Claire Murphy

  • 1Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA, USA.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
|October 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele impacts odor recognition memory differently in men and women, affecting healthy individuals and Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Episodic recognition memory is crucial for cognitive function.
  • The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • Gender and genetic factors may influence memory performance in aging and AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of the ApoE epsilon4 allele on episodic recognition memory for odors and visual stimuli.
  • To compare memory performance between Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and healthy older adults.
  • To examine gender-specific effects of the ApoE epsilon4 allele on memory.

Main Methods:

  • A recognition memory task was administered to 38 AD patients and 38 healthy controls.
  • Stimuli included odors, faces, and symbols.
  • Participants were genotyped for the ApoE epsilon4 allele.

Main Results:

  • In healthy men, epsilon4-negative individuals showed better odor recognition memory than epsilon4-positive individuals.
  • In AD patients, epsilon4-negative women demonstrated superior odor recognition memory compared to epsilon4-positive women.
  • No significant differences were found for visual stimuli (faces, symbols) across groups.

Conclusions:

  • Odor recognition memory impairment is associated with the ApoE epsilon4 allele in healthy older men.
  • In AD, the negative impact of the epsilon4 allele on odor memory may be less pronounced in women.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay of gender, ApoE genotype, and stimulus modality in memory.