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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Videos

Immunoglobulin-like transcripts as risk genes for autoimmunity.

Gamze Kabalak1, Silke Koch, Baukje Dobberstein

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Germany. kabalak.gamze@mh-hannover.de

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|October 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. Specifically, ILT6 deletion is linked to MS, and its role in T cell activation suggests it

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) risk genes are located in chromosomal regions 6p21-11 and 19q13.
  • The 19q13 region includes immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) genes, which encode receptors on immune cells.
  • ILT2 and ILT4 inhibit immune responses by binding to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, influencing immune tolerance and autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ILTs, particularly ILT6, in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
  • To explore the association between ILT6 genetic variations and MS susceptibility.
  • To understand ILT6's function in T cell activation and its potential as a candidate gene for autoimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic variations in ILT genes, focusing on ILT6 presence-absence.
  • Characterization of ILT6 expression and function.
  • Assessment of ILT6's effect on T cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • ILT6 exhibits presence-absence variability and is secreted by macrophages.
  • A deletion in the ILT6 gene is associated with multiple sclerosis.
  • ILT6 demonstrates the ability to activate T cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • ILT6 deletion is a potential genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis.
  • ILT6's role in T cell activation positions it as a candidate gene for autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research into ILTs may reveal novel therapeutic targets for MS and other autoimmune conditions.