Implant surface analysis and microbiologic evaluation of failed implants retrieved from smokers

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Microbiology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Titanium dental implants are widely used, but failures can occur.
• Understanding the microbial and surface characteristics of failed implants is crucial for improving outcomes.
• Smokers are at higher risk for implant complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the microbial flora and surface properties of failed titanium dental implants.
• To identify potential etiological factors associated with implant failure in smokers.

Main Methods:

• Retrieved 12 mobile titanium dental implants from 10 smokers after 3-10 years.
• Microbial analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
• Surface analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Main Results:

• Periodontal pathogens (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia) were detected in all implants.
• Surface analysis revealed varying roughness, proteinaceous material, and elements like carbon, oxygen, calcium, and silicon.
• No material-related causes for implant failure were identified.

Conclusions:

• The presence of periodontal pathogens was consistent across failed implants, irrespective of surface topography or manufacturer.
• Implant surface alterations and elemental composition were observed, but not linked to material failure.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the role of specific pathogens and surface characteristics in implant success.