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Vitamins

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Vitamin E.

Roland Stocker¹

¹Centre for VascularResearch, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, and Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

Novartis Foundation Symposium

|October 5, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin E supplements, despite popular belief, do not show health benefits for cardiovascular diseases. Scientific evidence suggests vitamin E may have functions beyond its antioxidant role in vivo.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Human Physiology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Vitamin E, a group of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers, was identified for its anti-infertility properties.
Deficiency leads to infertility, ataxia, and neuronal dysfunction.
Widely believed to benefit cardiovascular health due to antioxidant properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically evaluate the evidence supporting vitamin E supplementation for health benefits.
To investigate potential in vivo functions of vitamin E beyond antioxidant activity.

Main Methods:

Review of large, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies.
Analysis of scientific data examining the in vitro and in vivo functions of vitamin E.

Main Results:

Recent clinical studies do not support the use of vitamin E supplements for health benefits.
Evidence for vitamin E's assumed antioxidant role in preventing diseases is weak.
Potential alternative or additional in vivo functions of vitamin E require further investigation.

Conclusions:

Current evidence does not encourage vitamin E supplementation for cardiovascular disease prevention.
The established antioxidant function of vitamin E may not translate to significant health benefits in vivo.
Further research is needed to explore the full spectrum of vitamin E's biological roles.