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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Utilizing Thermal Shift Assay to Probe Substrate Binding to Selenoprotein O
03:09

Utilizing Thermal Shift Assay to Probe Substrate Binding to Selenoprotein O

Published on: August 9, 2024

Selenium.

Jan Alexander1

  • 1Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|October 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium, an essential trace element, is crucial for the human selenoproteome, including vital enzymes. Understanding selenium"s role in health and disease, from deficiency to excess, is key for proper nutrition and supplementation.

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Published on: August 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Nutrition
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Selenium is an essential trace element found in organic and inorganic forms, crucial for the human selenoproteome.
  • The human body utilizes 25 selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, and thioredoxin reductases, for various physiological functions.
  • Selenium

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the occurrence and biological roles of selenium in the human body.
  • To discuss the implications of selenium status on human health, including deficiency and toxicity.
  • To highlight the need for further research into selenium

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of selenium

Main Results:

  • Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine, playing roles in antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • Low selenium status is linked to Keshan disease and potentially increased cancer risk, while excess intake can cause selenosis.
  • Recommended daily intake is 40-55 µg/day, with an upper limit of 300 µg/day.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to chemically characterize selenium compounds in food and supplements.
  • Understanding the varying biological activities of different selenium forms is essential for optimizing nutrition and disease prevention.
  • Supplementation studies should assess both potential benefits and adverse effects of selenium.